The Influence of Team work on Motivation and Organisation Performance Research Proposal

The Influence of Team work on Motivation and Organisation Performance - Research Proposal Example People may be motivated to fail an establishment etc. Motivation, positive motivation, more often brings forth positive results. This explains why most organizations are bent to ensure that they motivate their workers so that they can have the positive energy required to positively realize the company’s vision. How does motivation influence organizational Performance? The influence is obvious. A highly motivated workforce will certainly produce more than the contrary will. Take for instance of external auditors who constantly work as a group. When they visit their client for analysis of books, their teamwork will not only motivate them but assist them have results and deliverables within a very short time. Most of the organizations that are highly productive, most of the times have highly motivated human resource and more often than not embrace teamwork. Therefore, teamwork is also a very important ingredient in organizational performance but it affects both motivation and per formance. In other words, teamwork enhances motivation which in turn influences organizational performance. Teamwork can as well directly influence organizational performance. This paper will seek to propose how a research into the influence of teamwork on motivation and organizational performance can be conducted. As mentioned in the foregoing section, the proposed research will focus on finding out how teamwork influences both motivation and organizational performance. The research question to be answered at the end of the research is: How does teamwork influence motivation and organizational performance? This question is answered through two main ways in which we shall see how teamwork in auditors enhances both the motivational and performance of the auditors as well as how teamwork is seen in the organization the auditors visit and how this organizational teamwork enhances motivation and hence organizational performance. First the research will show how

Becoming Gendered Essay Example for Free

Becoming Gendered Essay Davies argues that the sex role socialization theory does not adequately explain how we understand and become man and woman (p282). She concedes that the social structure with which man is entrenched; influence the conception of gender but the individual is as much a part of that process as the social environment. Davies says that man is an agent in his/her gendered identity, we choose to be masculine or feminine in the context of our social realities and that it is not tied to biology. In the movie Sabrina (1995), after being sent to Paris and transformed into a sophisticated woman of the world, David became enamored with her. David responded to her charms when she became feminine and did not notice her when she was boyish and ugly. Sabrina was masculine because she did not have a female figure to emulate, but within the same environment she was able to recognize the attraction she felt for the opposite sex and although it was depicted as a coming of age realization, socialization does not fully demonstrate the shift in gender roles (Rakow, 1986; 12). Davies was correct when she said that the individual is an active and engaged participant in becoming gendered (p284), Sabrina may have become feminine in her ways, but she was independent, headstrong and speaks her mind, all of which are masculine traits which she had imbibed while she was growing up. Davies (p289) suggested that we become gendered because it is what society expects, Sabrina has to be feminine because she was female and the world responds to that reality based on their conception of what is feminine and masculine. References Pollack, S. (Director). (1995, December 15). Sabrina, Constellation Entertainment. Davies, B. (2001). Becoming male or female. In S. Jackson S. Scott (Eds.), Gender (pp. 280-290). London: Routledge . Rakow, L. (1986) Rethinking Gender Research in Communication, Journal of Communication, Volume 36, No. 4, pp.11-26.

Purpose of Advertising

Purpose of Advertising 1. Introduction Advertising no doubt is a broad topic (lyer, Soberman, and Villas-Boas, 2005) it is one of the most important decisions that marketers make. Burd (1959) Advertising is one of the most proficient and the most economical aid in the distribution and marketing of merchandise or service. Advertising is either in written or oral form, which intends to sell something and want to earn revenue. Jayasinghi Ritson (2008) Advertising includes all major communication mediums which include: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, the Internet, movies, and billboards through which that message is transmitted. Television is the most common medium as it covers large but at the same time it is very costly. Advertising is generally aimed at consumer reminiscence who is being engaged with certain type of ads where the purpose of marketers is to create awareness and Brand/ Product recall and recognition later in consumer minds. Sometimes when you look at advertisement you will easily recall it may be it is in your subconscious mind or because of the celebrity or the background music that appeals you and sometimes you won’t be able to recall what you have seen just few minutes ago (Obermiller, Spangenberg, 2005; MacLauchlan, 2005.). An advertising objective may be to change the mind-set of the customers. Advertising has a great role when a business that has a bad reputation and has lost his/her customers can use advertising to get them back (Burd,1959). Pechpeyrou Odou (2012) hence, Advertising plays a central role in not only providing information about the product or service but also creating awareness and recognition of the product/service in consumer mind. Types Purpose of Advertising McDaniel, 1986. Advertising has many forms; few of them are given below. However for the purpose of thesis the focus will be on consumer advertising. Consumer Advertising It is a type of advertising that targeted at end consumers. All the offering and services are for the end consumers. Consumer advertising includes common commodities and what we usually find around us is all what comes under consumer advertising. The major aim of consumer advertising is to create awareness of brands and products that are of consumer use. In such sort of advertising emotional and rational appeal plays a vital role. Trade Advertising Trade advertising is also known as business/ professional advertising. This type of advertisement is not for consumers but for all those who influence the consumer like distributors, resellers or businesses. Medium for such sort of advertising is professional magazines and direct mail which do not involve end consumers. Product Advertising This sort of advertising communicates the promotion of the product. They push the consumers to purchase the product. Its major aim is to create brand awareness. Once awareness is created people tend to buy their product. Non-Product Advertising Non-product related advertisings includes surrogate advertising in it. Non product advertising depicts an idea or a cause. Short term and long Term Advertising There are two types of advertising one is short term and other is long term. The short term advertising has a direct impact on the product sales. Its aim is to increase sales, maximize revenues and create awareness. On the other hand the long term advertising focuses to maintain long term relations and customer loyalty. Consumer Skepticism: Definition of skepticism revolves around the questioning of the attitude towards the knowledge and opinion. Skepticism towards advertising is the distrust of advertising claims or promises and signifies a general market place that varies across persons. Hardesty, Carlson, 2002; Bearden 2002. The effect that consumer skepticism has on advertising can be figure out through consumer response. Brands need to overcome massive stages of skepticism for consumers. In our society there prevails lot of mistrust and loyalty. Consumers can learn a lot from advertising and marketing. Skeptic consumers are quite unsatisfied hence research recommends that delivering enough information to consumers will lead to building trust and satisfaction, once that trust is created it will results in increase sales and profitability. Obermiller, Spangenberg 2005; MacLachlan 2005. Milk Industry Pakistan is the fifth largest milk producer. Pakistan dairy industry is one of the most vital sectors that is contributing almost 11 percent into the GDP. Dairy industry is swayed by number of factors that are size, growth and profitability. (Dawn newspaper; 2014). According to live stock census 2007, almost 80 percent of the milk is taken from the rural areas. Only 3-5 percent of the milk is marketed and distributed formally. 97 percent of the milk produced in Pakistan is distributed in loose form (Jalil, Sial and Hussain, 2009) .The role of livestock in the rural economy is very critical as farmers and villagers consume loose milk. They don’t prefer milk that is packaged. Whereas in urban areas people consume loose milk as well as packaged milk. Packaged milk has made the life of urban people easier as they are busy in their work so this packaged milk reduces the time of hassle to boil and utilize it. Buffaloes are considered to be the main animal in Pakistan that accounts f or 75 percent of milk. Milk sources are cows, buffaloes and goats and the types of milk available is standardized, homogenized and skimmed. Milk is used for many purposes that is drinking, tea, desi ghee, yogurt, butter and in the making of many sweet dishes. As the inflation is increasing rapidly hence the milk prices are also raising quickly. In a very short span milk prices has shown a rapid increase of 25 percent. As the people are becoming aware of processed and packaged milk they are buying them and are not consuming loose milk that is delivered by gawallas. Milk and its foodstuffs provide almost one third of world’s intake of animal protein. Milk and its foodstuffs represent almost 27 percent of total family expenditures on foodstuff in Pakistan. Milk Per capita availability is 82.4 kg per annum in Pakistan. During 1999-2000 roughly 80 thousand tons of dry milk that is PKR 1213.5 million was imported to Pakistan in order to meet local demands of milk. (FAO, 1998). Pakistan dairy industry is in trouble now a days because of lack of commercial dairy farms, lack of dairy knowledge and due to lack of financial resources. In rural areas very few shopkeepers have facility of refrigeration. The containers that are used for transportation are very unhygienic. Almost 90 percent and above population consumes loose milk and hence the demand of loose milk is higher than the packaged milk. Also because of inflation and poverty level people are quite conscious about prices. (Jalil, Sial and Hussain, 2009) Packaged milk is in demand widely. [1]Mostly packaged milk is used in homes and powder dry milk is used in offices for the purpose of making tea. Global Milk production ranking of 5 top countries is given in table 1[2] Countries Milk Production India 92 Billion litre / annual USA 78 Billion litre / annual Russia 34 Billion litre / annual Pakistan 33 Billion litre / annual Germany 29 Billion litre / annual Table 1 Global milk production ranking of top 5 countries Name of all the species that are the source of milk are listed below. Moreover Population, milk production and milk consumption of 2011-2013 based on National Livestock Census are given in Table 1.1 Species Population(Million) Milk Production (Million tons) HumanMilk Consumption Cattle 36.9 16.74 13.39 Buffallo 32.7 29.56 23.65 Sheep 28.4 0.03 0.03 Goat 63.1 0.77 0.77 Camel 1.0 0.82 0.82 Total 162.1 47.95 38.69 Nestle: Nestle is one of the largest food and nutrition company in the world. Nestle is derived from the Swiss German word which means little nest. It is the fifth largest company in the world. Currently it is present in more than 88 countries and has more than 522 factories. More than 700 products are produced under the umbrella brand of Nestle. Nestle was established in 1867 by Henri Nestle. Different brands of Nestle are Baby foods, Bottled water, Cereals, Chocolates and confectionaries, Coffee, Ambient dairy, Chilled Dairy, Drinks, Health care nutrition, Culinary and food, Ice cream, Pet care, Sports nutrition and Wealth management. Nestle is a world renowned company. The company is taking milk from number of farmers and then process it further. Nestle Everyday is made from pure fresh milk sugar and Lecithin. In 2011 the company has sourced more than 7.2 million tons of fresh milk from different milk districts in 31 countries widely. The company basically deals in food products as the logo states that â€Å"Good food, Good life â€Å". List of different milks that are under the umbrella brand of Nestle are given in Table 1.2 Milk Sku’s Nestle Milk Pak UHT 1000, 500, 250 ml Nestle Everyday 1000,400,200ml Nestle Nido 1000,400,200ml Nestle Nesvita 1000, 200ml Nestle Flavored Milk 250ml Table 1.2 Nestle milk and Sku’s I have chosen the product Nestle Everyday tea whitener for the purpose of research thesis. It is the forerunner of tea creaming in Pakistan. Its different taste and pleasant aroma is the reason of its success. Everyday makes a perfect cup of tea for you. It is one of the best brands that provides taste and quality at affordable prices. It has number of Sku’s that customer choose according to their needs and wants. Every day is available in both liquid and dry forms. Liquid milk is consumed mostly at home whereas dry powdered milk is used widely in offices. References [1] http://www.pakissan.com/english/allabout/livestock/dairy/dairy.industries.in.pakistan.shtml [2]http://www.slideshare.net/hassankh/powder-milk-industry-in-pakistan?related=1 3http://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/milk-production-system-in-periurban-areas-of-lahore-economics-essay.php 4http://www.bignerds.com/papers/72338/Dairy-Industry-In-Pakistan/

certain slant of light :: essays research papers

How Nature Brings Emotions of Solemnity The chief characteristic of this feeling drawn by the â€Å"slant of light† is its painful oppressiveness. "Oppresses," "weight," "hurt," "despair," and "affliction" convey this aspect. A large component in it is probably consciousness of the fact of death, though this is probably not the whole of its content nor is this consciousness necessarily fully formulated by the mind. Yet here we see the subtle connection between the hour and the mood. For the season is winter, when the year is approaching its end. And the time is late afternoon (winter afternoons are short at best, and the light slants), when the day is failing. The suggestion of death is caught up by the weighty cathedral tunes (funeral music possibly—but hymns are also much concerned with death) and by "the distance on the look of death." The stillness of the hour ("the landscape listens, Shadows hold their breath") is also suggestive of th e stillness of death. But besides the oppressiveness of the feeling, it has certain impressiveness too. It is weighty, solemn, and majestic, like organ music. This quality is conveyed by "weight of cathedral tunes," "heavenly," "seal" (suggesting the seal on some important official document), and "imperial." This quality of the mood may be partly caused by the stillness of the moment, by the richness of the slanting sunlight (soon to be followed by sunset), and by the image of death, which it calls up. The mood gives "heavenly" hurt. "Heavenly" suggests the immateriality of the hurt, which leaves "no scar"; the source of the sunlight—the sky; the ultimate source of both sunlight and death—God. The hurt is given internally "where the meanings are"—that is, in the soul, the psyche, or mind-that part of one which assigns "meanings"—consciously or intuitively—to life and to phenomena like this. "None may teach it anything"—Both the sunlight and the mood it induces are beyond human correction or alleviation; they are final and irrevocable—"sealed." There is no lifting this seal— this despair. "When it goes, 'tis like the distance On the look of death"—The lines call up the image of the stare in the eyes of a dead man, not focused, but fixed on the distance.

Legalizing Marijuana, An Ethical Perspective

In today’s society, many ethical concerns arise on a daily basis, especially when it comes to the topic of legalizing marijuana. Many individuals have relied on the fact that marijuana was illegal, when determining whether smoking it should be considered unethical.However, many studies have shown that the effects of marijuana are not as detrimental as they were once made out to be. Legalizing marijuana can be an extremely controversial topic because several people have strong beliefs concerning why it should not be legalized, while a significant amount of people have stronger arguments, as to why it should be legalized.When it comes to looking at the ethical standpoint of legalizing marijuana, everyone has a different interpretation as to why marijuana should or should not be legalized. This is because everyone’s sense of morals and values differ from one another.Legalizing marijuana for medicinal and recreational use would be beneficial for large amounts of people for many reasons. The theory of utilitarianism implies that the proper course of action should be the one, which benefits the greatest number of people.Many aspects of legalizing marijuana should be considered when determining if the benefits outweigh the risks. Several states have passed laws, which govern the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. In fact, over twenty states, as well as the District of Columbia have enacted laws that govern the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes only. The increasing number of physicians implying that they would use marijuana medicinally for their patients shows that there are many benefits, which could derive from using the substance.A study conducted by American herbalist showed, â€Å"79. 5 percent of professional members stated that if there were not legal prohibitions they would use cannabis clinically† (Romm & Romm, 2010, p. 25).This study also implies that the top reasons for prescribing marijuana include appetite loss, cancer, pai n, glaucoma, insomnia, and it is also said that it helps with relaxation. Considering the increasing number of patients suffering from such diagnosis, the utilitarian approach shows that legalizing marijuana for medicinal purposes would benefit the greatest number of people.When considering the harmful and destructive nature of alcohol and tobacco, it is hard to interpret why and how these substances became legalized. While at the same time, people are curious as to how a substance, such as marijuana, that controversially could result in more advantages than disadvantages, has yet to become legal. Marijuana is significantly less destructive than alcohol and tobacco and is used to treat medical conditions. State legislatures have ignored the signs of potential advantages of legalizing marijuana for years.However, legislatures have previously legalized substances, including alcohol and tobacco, without the advantage of the substances advancing or improving medical care. Therefore, the main ethical argument against legalizing marijuana comes down to the fact that of the legalities governing it's use. The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML), is an organization that serves as an information center for issues concerning marijuana use and legalization. The NORML Organization also serves as the voice for American's opposing the current marijuana prohibition.This organization presents the fact that if people are using this substance for enjoyment, those people should not be subjected to civil penalties or criminal injustices. A recent government study has shown that over 14 million American's use marijuana on a regular basis, despite legalities (NORML, 1996, para. 1). The NORML organization has compiled a list of principles of responsible use, which could reduce the amount of ethical concerns and legalities associated with using marijuana for recreational and medicinal purposes.One of which include the use of marijuana being restricted only t o adults. This is important because, just like alcohol and tobacco, it is unethical, immoral, and irresponsible to provide such substances to children.Another principle includes restrictions on driving while under the influence of marijuana. NORML stated, â€Å"Although cannabis is said by most experts to be safer than alcohol and many prescription drugs with motorists, responsible cannabis consumers never operate motor vehicles in an impaired condition† (NORML, 1996, para, 6). Therefore, the no driving principle is implied.These are two of the most significant principles presented by NORML. The next principle is described as set and setting. The NORML organization states, â€Å"The responsible cannabis user will carefully consider his/her set and setting, regulating use accordingly† (NORML, 1996, para. 7).Meaning, adults should be responsible enough, when using marijuana, to take into consideration several different aspects of one's life. For instance, it is important for marijuana users to consider his or her â€Å"set,† meaning the individual's attitude, personality, and experience.The term â€Å"setting† refers to an individual's physical and social condition or circumstances (NORML, 1996, para. 8). Therefore, individuals should consider and analyze a number of factors before choosing to smoke or just choosing to just say no. Two other principles presented by NORML include resisting abuse and respecting the rights of others. Therefore, individuals should steer clear of any sign of abuse and should not violate the rights of others when using marijuana.Decriminalizing marijuana would aid America's next generation in becoming more successful with the ability to prosper. By reducing the amount of young people being penalized and/or institutionalized for using or possessing marijuana, less lives will be destroyed as a result of the war on pot.Former President Jimmy Carter once said, â€Å"Penalties against drug use should not be mor e damaging to an individual than the use of the drug itself. Nowhere is this more clear than in the laws against the possession of marijuana in private for personal use† (NORML, 1996, para. 14).Therefore, even our former President considered legalizing marijuana to benefit the greatest number of people, due to the high volume of individual's lives being subjected to destruction as a result of using and/or possessing this substance. The former President also implied that the penalties governing drug use should not be more destructive than the actual drug itself. It has been proven and will continue to be proven throughout this paper, that there are ways to avoid possible ethical concerns raised in reference to legalizing marijuana.For instance, a recent study showed, â€Å" .  . . in the 16 states where medical marijuana is legal, there has been a drop of nearly 9% in traffic deaths since the laws took effect and a 5% drop in beer sales† (Crowe, 2012, para. 1). This st udy does not prove that driving while under the influence of marijuana is any less dangerous than driving while intoxicated. However, the results of the study do imply the fact that since alcohol is sold in bars and restaurants, it is more typical for higher rates of those driving drunk to have life threatening accidents than those under the influence of marijuana.Especially considering most marijuana users consume the substance in the privacy of their own homes. Whereas, individuals who choose to drink alcohol at a bar or restaurant, also choose to risk driving home while intoxicated. The author's of this study also imply that individual's driving while intoxicated are more likely to misjudge their perception and ability to drive, while those under the influence of marijuana typically tend to avoid taking risks on the road (Crowe, 2012, para. 11).However, individual's who choose to drive while impaired or intoxicated in any form are subject to being charged with driving under the i nfluence, which imposes severe penalties and will result in loosing driving privileges. Some may argue that marijuana is a gateway drug to harder drugs.However, the NORML Organization argues that, â€Å"For those minority of marijuana smokers who do graduate to harder substances, it is marijuana prohibition — which forces users to associate with the illicit drug black market — rather than the use of marijuana itself, that often serves as a doorway to the world of hard drugs† (NORML, 1996, para.  20).With that being said, it is not the use of marijuana that opens the doors for harder illicit drug use, it is being subjected to the underground market of marijuana that opens the doors for individuals to become familiar with other drugs. There are many ethical concerns when it comes to legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes. So far, two states have legalized marijuana for multiple reasons including medicinal purposes and recreational purposes.Washington and Colorado have implemented state laws governing the use of marijuana for recreational use. The Obama Administration and the Justice Department concluded in a recent announcement that federal agents will not intervene in Washington and Colorado’s new found marijuana laws and regulations as long as the states are, â€Å"preventing distribution to minors, stopping marijuana from being used as a cover for trafficking other drugs,  and enforcing laws against driving under the influence of drugs† (Dinan, 2013, para, 20).Therefore, as long as the states regulate the use and possession of marijuana, according to the previously stated guidelines, the federal government will not intervene with the state’s policies concerning the legalization of marijuana. The laws passed in Washington and Colorado are the first steps in the direction of decriminalizing marijuana.Those who are caught with an ounce of marijuana or less will not be subject to pay fines nor will they be ins titutionalized because citizens may legally possess anything less than an ounce. In recent years, the war on drugs has ruined thousands of young lives of those who were caught possessing or using marijuana. Decriminalizing anything less than an ounce of marijuana, when it is being used for recreational purposes, will ensure the judicial systems within the United States are reserved for more serious and/or violent crimes.The authors of Marijuana Legalization stated, â€Å"According to the FBI, there were 758,000 marijuana arrests nationwide in 2011, the vast majority for possession† (Sullum, 2013, para. 17). Therefore, most of the individuals who were arrested for marijuana in 2011 were actually arrested on possession charges, which most likely would not even be considered a crime in Washington or Colorado. Studies have shown that over fifty percent of American’s now believe marijuana should be legalized for recreational use because of the benefits outweighing the risks .Paul Armentano, the director of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws recently stated, â€Å"Today, a majority of Americans espouse ending America's nearly century-long, failed experiment with cannabis prohibition and replacing it with a system of limited legalization and regulation† (PR Newswire, 2012, para. 5). By utilizing limited legalization and regulations on marijuana, less people would be put away for what would normally be considered a crime. In doing so, the future of many young people would be protected against being victims of the war against cannabis.From an ethical utilitarian perspective, it would be more beneficial for the greatest number of people, to legalize marijuana. Those who chose to possess and use marijuana are overcrowding prison systems and judicial systems within the United States. Implementing and utilizing methods of distributing marijuana, legally would decrease the amount of people being institutionalized for such crimes a nd could result in billions of dollars of tax revenue, which could strengthen the economy.The Seattle Times recently implied, â€Å"State financial experts estimate the new legalization could raise nearly $2 billion in tax revenue over the next five years, with the money going toward education, health care, substance abuse prevention and basic government services† (PR Newswire, 2012, para. 7). Herein lies, yet another ethical concept as to why marijuana should be legalized. An ethical egoist could argue that a person should have the right to use marijuana if that person sees using marijuana as being in his or her best interest.If not, the ethical egoist could argue that if that person does not see smoking marijuana as being in their best interest, they should not do it. No matter the direction the individual chooses to approach this situation, the ethical egoist would support the person’s right to make the determination for his or her self. Our textbook indicates, â₠¬Å"The egoist simply says that you should do what makes you happiest, or, again, maximizes your utility† (Mosser, 2010, sec. 1. 8, para. 22). With that being said, the utilitarian approach implies, the right thing to do is what benefits the largest number of people.However, the ethical egoist could possibly interpret, restricting one’s use of marijuana as being in his or her best interest. Based on the material presented and the information obtained while conducting research on the topic of legalizing marijuana, the logical notion would be to legalize marijuana. Having the ability to regulate and control the use and possession of marijuana among U. S. citizens, will provide the government with the ability to control its distribution Therefore, making availability to minors just as regulated and controlled as alcohol and tobacco, which would be in compliance with the Justice Department’s regulations.Almost half of our nation’s population previously voted to legalize marijuana. The government is beginning to realize, just like the use of alcohol and tobacco, the use of marijuana will continue legally or illegally. Legalizing marijuana for medicinal and recreational use would be beneficial for a significant amount of people for many reasons. Why not just develop regulations, apply taxes to it, and maintain control over it rather than continuing the â€Å"war on pot† which has failed tremendously over the years.

10 Min Job On Robert Frost Mending Wall Essays - Mending Wall

10 Min Job On Robert Frost Mending Wall Essays - Mending Wall 10 Min Job On Robert Frost Mending Wall One way you can read Mending Wall by Robert Frost is that it is about a man who rebuilds the wall seperating his property from his neighbours. This man, this persona created by Gray doesnt seem to believe there is a use for the wall as he [the neighbour] is all pine and I [the persona] am apple orchard but his neighbour believes that good fences make good neighbours. The persona tries to change his neighbours opinion by trying to put a notion in his head but his neighbour seems to just ignore him. So the persona gets annoyed and thinks of him as an old-stone savage. This is a very simple situation which we can all relate to. But, if we read deeper into the poem we may find the meanings that Robert Frost wanted us to see. Firstly, as we know that this persona is against the building of walls where not necessary we find that it is this persona that initiates the re-building of the wall I let my neighbour know beyond the hill. This gives the reader something to think about it puts quest ions in the readers mind as to why he would initiate this if he doesnt think its necessary. One reason may be that this persona enjoys the company of his neighbour but he gets frustrated with him. Maybe this persona is a lonely person and any company is good company they meet to walk the line. Maybe through mending the wall between them they are mending their friendship. These are all viable options and as we read further into the poem we may understand to a greater extent why he does this. When the two start building the wall the reader may notice that words such as we and our are used giving the feeling of cooperation and companionship. The persona once calls this task an outdoor game which connotes feelings of enjoyment, cooperation, competition. The fact that they walk the line one on a side gives a visual image in the readers mind and may remind them of a tennis game. I must emphasize that what is being told in the poem is from the personas point of view not directly Frosts so the reader must beware and realise that it is possible that the persona is wrong in some of his comments. There where it is we do not need the wall this comment being straight to the point makes the reader feel as if the persona is denying the fact that it is the wall that brings the two men together to cooperate with one another and to converse with one another (to a certain extent). The line directly after this comment segregates the two from one another by contrasting the type of people they are with each other. he is all pine and I am all apple orchard the fact that this statement comes directly after the comment on the uselessness of the wall suggests that it is these kind of attitudes that puts a barrier between people thus segregating them from one another. Personification of the personas apple trees is used to explain to the reader just how much this persona undermines his neighbour. my apple trees will never get across, and eat the cones under his pines. Even though this co mment is light-hearted and almost humorous it gives the reader the impression that the persona thinks of himself as a more intelligent person than his neighbour thus feeling that he needs to explain why the wall is unnecessary.

Free Essays on Abelard And Heloise

of our love than of our reading passed between us, and more kissing than teaching. (Radice 67). Later Heloise became pregnant and Abelard could not successfully sidestep the rules of the society because the society of a time just wouldn’t accept a premarital sexual affair. I believe Abelard and Heloise got engaged in the first â€Å"mod... Free Essays on Abelard And Heloise Free Essays on Abelard And Heloise The twelfth century was divided into two phases: Early Middle Ages or Dark Ages and the High Middle Ages. It’s during the High Middle Ages when things started to take a turn both mentally and physically. Churches developed more stamina and papal bureaucracy was created. The government was revived. Urbanization increased and most of all a sudden increase was brought in cultural revitalization and courtly love was an important aspect of this awakening. Courtly love is defined as humility, courtesy, adultery and religion of love. This is what I believe Abelard’s and Heloise’s relationship was based on in Abelard’s Historia Calamitatum and his letters to Heloise. Abelard was a well-known figure of the twelfth century that taught dialectic philosophy. Abelard was in his late thirties when he first met Heloise in Paris. And it was her knowledge and gift for writing letters, which was so rare in women at the times that attracted Abelard to her. Heloise was the ni ece of one of the Cannons. She was about seventeen when she met Abelard; this was not considered a big deal for back then it was pretty common to have big age difference in marriages. Heloise was considered a typical because women were rarely educated at all back then. She was strong willed and she had a pretty good sense of logic and this is what brought them together. Heloise struck a deal with Heloise’s uncle to educate her and gained full access to her pleasures. Their relationship encompassed the maximum in personal freedom. â€Å"Her studies allowed us to withdraw in private, as love desired and then with our books open before us, more words of our love than of our reading passed between us, and more kissing than teaching. (Radice 67). Later Heloise became pregnant and Abelard could not successfully sidestep the rules of the society because the society of a time just wouldn’t accept a premarital sexual affair. I believe Abelard and Heloise got engaged in the fir st â€Å"mod...

Even Talent Requires Revision

Even Talent Requires Revision Even Talent Requires Revision Even Talent Requires Revision By Maeve Maddox A reader commenting on Dont Be Too Eager to Publish says: While I may agree that lengthy detail is unnecessary, I believe you are far too critical of the opening passage. Reading  with interest is a very personal matter. Why put a writer in a box where he must conform to the  way in which  a daydream is described? The reader makes a valid point. Although my opinion of the opening paragraph in question is that it could be improved, there is nothing so bad about it that it couldnt have appeared in a successful novelIF it introduced a compelling story. An unexceptional writing style alone is not enough to sink a book that is well-plotted and/or has fascinating characters. The DaVinci Code illustrates the point, as does the first Harry Potter book. A writers voice, like a readers preference, is a personal matter. Once a writer has found the voice that fits him best, he neednt pay too much attention to critics to whom it doesnt happen to appeal. Writing style, however, is only one aspect of a finished novel. Plot, characterization, and pacing are what pull the reader along. Self-publishing authors may have plenty of potential as writers, but their novels often suffer from insufficient revision. Bernard Malamud said First drafts are for learning what your novel or story is about. Revision is working with that knowledge to enlarge and enhance an idea, to re-form it. The first draft of a novel is not the novel. Its a lump of clay to be worked on during subsequent drafts. Some writers may go through ten or twelve drafts before they feel that the manuscript is ready for submission. Others may manage with two or three. Careful outlining may reduce the need for numerous drafts. Other factors are individual thought processes, previous experience, and the type of novel being drafted. The important thing is to get that first draft on paper without worrying about writing style. The next most important thing is to be willing to revise until each word contributes to a carefully-crafted scene that advances the story and keeps a reader turning the pages. Easier said than done. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†35 Genres and Other Varieties of FictionGlimpse and Glance: Same or Different?

Eassy Rewrite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eassy Rewrite - Essay Example (Plutarch 28) This account is based on what was told to Plutarch’s own grandfather, which no doubt shaped Plutarch’s own view of Cleopatra. That Plutarch was not as impressed as Antony is obvious from his use of words like â€Å"squandered† and â€Å"incredible extravagance.† (Plutarch 28) Cleopatra’s fame, at least in the Western intellectual tradition, owes to a great extent her encounter with the Romans, and in particular Mark Antony amongst other leaders. This also means that the Roman perspective on Cleopatra and Egypt is shaped as much by these interactions, dealings and visits than other aspects of her rule and kingdom. This fame, however, was coloured by the Romans’ view of her as someone who led great men like Antony astray. She successfully captivated the attention of Antony as with Caesar earlier, but in Rome, for all her hospitality, she became â€Å"the victim of a vicious propaganda campaign† ( §1.3). At the heart of this unfortunate circumstance for Cleopatra was Octavian’s envy for and conflict with Antony. Thus, there are two opposing perspectives on Cleopatra. One is the affectionate perspective as indulged in by Antony, and the other is the negative picture portrayed by Octavian and much of the rest of Rome. In the end, the defeat of the former at the decisive battle of Actium allowed history to be largely swayed by viewing Egypt as an enemy of Rome, and Cleopatra as a seductress, enemy and loser. This negative characterisation of Cleopatra and Egypt were present in Octavian’s speech delivered before the battle. He gave the impression to his army that Egypt’s way of life was decadent, and that Antony had been â€Å"enslaved by [Cleopatra]†. (Cocceianus 54) Although Cleopatra’s effect Antony caused a deep impression and led him to develop close attachment, the wider and more lasting Roman view as promoted by Octavian and Plutarch, was one of

La bodas de Sangre - Blood weeding (federico Lorca) & Blood weeding Essay

La bodas de Sangre - Blood weeding (federico Lorca) & Blood weeding Film (Carlos Saura) - Essay Example In reference to Leonardo as the dark river shows honor and life-death as the connection is fairly clear when the Bride refers to the fatal force of the dark river in contrast to the â€Å"little bit of water. The â€Å"little bit of water symbolizes the Bridegroom from which she hoped for children. Symbolism that in the film, the orange blossoms that the bride wore were fake and waxy which symbolized the fake society in which she lived. In the movie the bride wears the fake orange blossoms to her wedding as it symbolizes her conformity to the society in almost a mocking way.   This goes together with the black dress she wears for the wedding, as if symbolizing her despair and sadness at having to go through with the wedding  when she really loves Leonardo. The lyrics impulse of the play culminates in the film, where the themes of honor and passion are absorbed in the theme of death that which paradoxically is life. The play of double perspective of death that are suggested in the dual manifestation as death is said to be an Old Woman demanding for a crust of bread. In another image Death is said to be white faced and the moon longing for life and seeking in the death of the men is symbolized by a heart, the crest of the fire, and red blood for his cheeks. The ceremony of p reparing the Bride in the church and the festivities preceding the entry of the Bride and Groom in to the bridal chamber. Both lyrics employ the familiar symbol of a flower, branch, and stream and both make visible another thread of symbol that is to become prominent as the themes of pride and passion move toward their ultimate resolution in the theme of death. The symbol of fire is enhanced as it is associated with honor as well passion and death. The horse in the Lullaby is to be identified with Leonardo’s horse and his wounds with the fate of Leonardo is indicated by the action accompanying the song.

REading Response of NAECY Read and Write article Essay

REading Response of NAECY Read and Write article - Essay Example Teachers for children are required to undergo a comprehensive training to be equipped with the requirements of early literacy and the best teaching practices for early childhood education. The desirable features of children’s classrooms include manageable class sizes, low children to teacher ratios and varieties of learning materials. Additional policies meant to enhance children’s learning include promoting proper methods of assessing children, access to proper healthcare, and rallying for the public to assume collective responsibility in investing in high quality education for children. This article has really changed my mindset towards children’s learning. The paper has made me realize that children demonstrate their desire to learn when they are at early stages through grasping and gazing at objects. I have also realized that children’s teachers are not supposed to be anyone who knows how to read and write; however, teachers need training in order to understand the psychology behind developmental stages of children so that they can effectively care for them. I also learnt that we all have the responsibility of ensuring high quality education for our children through cost sharing to hire enough teachers and buy the required resources to boost children’s learning. The first teachers who handle children largely determine their future life and academic success (Herr & Libby-Larson, 2009). Teachers are required to remain attentive to children’s needs of learning and handle them in the best way they can. Teachers should expose children to a variety of learning objects and allow them to manipulate these objects in their quest to understand the world. Traditionally, people believed that children’s learning requirements are not demanding and can be met with any adult. This perception has changed since teachers must understand the requirements of children at each age and satisfy

Poverty and Pollution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poverty and Pollution - Assignment Example Keywords: pollution, poverty, businesses, third world country, operations, control, regulation, morality, environment, standards, global, enforcement Poverty and Pollution There are many different moral and ethical considerations that must be addressed when looking at the issue of the pollution of third world countries by businesses who have setup shop in those countries, including but not limited to the implications of the companies who are participating in these actions, the reasons for doing what they are doing, the moral right of human beings to a livable environment, as well as who should be responsible for these actions, and what must be done to improve the quality of life of those who are affected by these practices. There are many different reasons a business may conduct operations in a third world country, including political instability, a need for investment capital, low wages are acceptable, as are low benefits, education levels are low, and environmental regulations are few and not seriously enforced (Encyclopedia of Business 2nd Ed, 2013). Political instability in a developing country ensures that both the powers running the country and those who are attempting to run for the company are both concerned with public image; they want to ensure that the people see that they are attempting to better the country, even if the decisions made do not actually benefit the country, and one key aspect of this is good PR. If the ruling power or the power attempting to be the ruling power shows any indication that they are driving away big businesses, businesses who will bring new jobs to the country, which will in turn strengthen the economy, even if that businesses practices ultimately hurt the country itself, they will be seen as working against the country itself, and not for the country, even if baring that particular business from the country will ensure a higher quality of drinking water in the country, for example. The key is to show a form of immediate gratification for the people in terms of a better economy, even if the environmental concerns are far more severe. The need of the country for investment capital also factors into the decision of the third world country to open its doors to big business. Many big businesses will, for example, work to better the country that they choose to setup shop in, as a means of being able to more efficiently conduct their business. In Mongolia, for example, as a result of the search for rare earth mineral deposits, many big companies are working to build access roads, supporting local businesses and patronizing shipping systems setup in place in the country; Germany signed an agreement with Kazakhstan to be able to gain access to their rare earth minerals in exchange for technical assistance in modernizing railroads, building chemical plants, and other forms of development (Caramenico, 2012). It is because of the desire for technological advancements that the big businesses are able to provide that countries are more likely to overlook the negative aspects of big business in favor of the investment capital that they will provide. Businesses like the arrangement because they are able to get cheap employment, both in terms of the wages that they pay out and

Reading Response to Thinking of Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading Response to Thinking of Empire - Essay Example The nature of power creates an addiction to rule, resulting in several people seeking to have power. Through this, people become greedy, once they obtain power, they seek to hold onto it till they die; this is how people establish dynasties in the political field. Power can destroy a society, several people will always struggle to obtain and when they do, it consumes them and they are never the same. The privileges of power create greed, which also consumes the individuals who crave for power but do not have it. It results in people scheming and hoping to gain power. People will do whatever it takes to be in power. The bottom line is that in the end power makes people corrupt. The manner, in which the Romans and the English sought to establish empires, was a demonstration of how power was a negative factor in society. It resulted in several societies losing their homes and being consumed by the very empires that oppressed them. However, power is important to direct countries and individuals into some direction, be it good or bad. In the end, I find that without the hunger for power, the world would be a peaceful place to live. I can only wonder if a non-power hungry world will ever take center

Bio-Terrorism Research and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bio-Terrorism Research and Development - Essay Example These pathogens have high probabilities of bioterrorism use because they can be disseminated fast and without difficulty; would simply need minimal amounts to cause and spread diseases; and would cause high levels of morbidity and mortality (Perlin, 2008). Category A agents, being the highest risk agents, are top priority in research efforts. Category B agents create the second highest threat.  Category C agents are the emerging communicable disease hazards (â€Å"Potential Bioterrorism Agents,â€Å" 2010). Biological agents such as anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers (â€Å"NIAID report claims great progress in biodefense research,† 2010), are cheap substitutes to conventional weapons. Preferred by terrorists, these pathogens have easy accessibility; rapid production and distribution; low detection and high potentials for causing national disturbance (â€Å"Potential Bioterrorism Agents,â€Å" 2010). Since 2002, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has shown remarkable progress in the development of measures to counteract bioterrorist attacks. Basic research programs comprise the latest designation and financial support of eight regional academic centers for biodefense research and rising transmittable diseases. All strains of pathogen genomes with high-risk for bioterror use are sequenced and determined of possible viral and protozoal bioterrorism infection. Researchers are given grants to study the deterrence, identification, and cure of diseases caused by bioweapons. The NIAID research targets on the development of effective vaccines and precise diagnosis (â€Å"NIAID report claims great progress in biodefense research,† 2010). Mucosal immunities are studied on areas of infection, such as the respiratory organs and oral passages since potential bioweapons are most likely to infect those areas (â€Å"Introduction to Biodefense Research,â₠¬  2010). Proposed efforts to

Poverty and Pollution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poverty and Pollution - Assignment Example Keywords: pollution, poverty, businesses, third world country, operations, control, regulation, morality, environment, standards, global, enforcement Poverty and Pollution There are many different moral and ethical considerations that must be addressed when looking at the issue of the pollution of third world countries by businesses who have setup shop in those countries, including but not limited to the implications of the companies who are participating in these actions, the reasons for doing what they are doing, the moral right of human beings to a livable environment, as well as who should be responsible for these actions, and what must be done to improve the quality of life of those who are affected by these practices. There are many different reasons a business may conduct operations in a third world country, including political instability, a need for investment capital, low wages are acceptable, as are low benefits, education levels are low, and environmental regulations are few and not seriously enforced (Encyclopedia of Business 2nd Ed, 2013). Political instability in a developing country ensures that both the powers running the country and those who are attempting to run for the company are both concerned with public image; they want to ensure that the people see that they are attempting to better the country, even if the decisions made do not actually benefit the country, and one key aspect of this is good PR. If the ruling power or the power attempting to be the ruling power shows any indication that they are driving away big businesses, businesses who will bring new jobs to the country, which will in turn strengthen the economy, even if that businesses practices ultimately hurt the country itself, they will be seen as working against the country itself, and not for the country, even if baring that particular business from the country will ensure a higher quality of drinking water in the country, for example. The key is to show a form of immediate gratification for the people in terms of a better economy, even if the environmental concerns are far more severe. The need of the country for investment capital also factors into the decision of the third world country to open its doors to big business. Many big businesses will, for example, work to better the country that they choose to setup shop in, as a means of being able to more efficiently conduct their business. In Mongolia, for example, as a result of the search for rare earth mineral deposits, many big companies are working to build access roads, supporting local businesses and patronizing shipping systems setup in place in the country; Germany signed an agreement with Kazakhstan to be able to gain access to their rare earth minerals in exchange for technical assistance in modernizing railroads, building chemical plants, and other forms of development (Caramenico, 2012). It is because of the desire for technological advancements that the big businesses are able to provide that countries are more likely to overlook the negative aspects of big business in favor of the investment capital that they will provide. Businesses like the arrangement because they are able to get cheap employment, both in terms of the wages that they pay out and

Bio-Terrorism Research and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bio-Terrorism Research and Development - Essay Example These pathogens have high probabilities of bioterrorism use because they can be disseminated fast and without difficulty; would simply need minimal amounts to cause and spread diseases; and would cause high levels of morbidity and mortality (Perlin, 2008). Category A agents, being the highest risk agents, are top priority in research efforts. Category B agents create the second highest threat.  Category C agents are the emerging communicable disease hazards (â€Å"Potential Bioterrorism Agents,â€Å" 2010). Biological agents such as anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers (â€Å"NIAID report claims great progress in biodefense research,† 2010), are cheap substitutes to conventional weapons. Preferred by terrorists, these pathogens have easy accessibility; rapid production and distribution; low detection and high potentials for causing national disturbance (â€Å"Potential Bioterrorism Agents,â€Å" 2010). Since 2002, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has shown remarkable progress in the development of measures to counteract bioterrorist attacks. Basic research programs comprise the latest designation and financial support of eight regional academic centers for biodefense research and rising transmittable diseases. All strains of pathogen genomes with high-risk for bioterror use are sequenced and determined of possible viral and protozoal bioterrorism infection. Researchers are given grants to study the deterrence, identification, and cure of diseases caused by bioweapons. The NIAID research targets on the development of effective vaccines and precise diagnosis (â€Å"NIAID report claims great progress in biodefense research,† 2010). Mucosal immunities are studied on areas of infection, such as the respiratory organs and oral passages since potential bioweapons are most likely to infect those areas (â€Å"Introduction to Biodefense Research,â₠¬  2010). Proposed efforts to

Professional Roles and Values Essay Example for Free

Professional Roles and Values Essay Nursing is a profession that constantly evolves to improve itself. There is a high demand for nurses all across America. Excellent nursing practice is achieved by understanding the history of nursing and integrating the milestones achieved with the present practice. Through advanced education and new technology the nurse can provide the patient with the best care and promote community health. Knowledge gives us power to change and advance in healthcare. My mission is to demonstrate excellence in clinical care by my commitment to evidence-based practice research, continuing education, and by delivering culturally competent patient care in a caring and healing environment in accordance with the nurse practice act. PART A The Board of Nursing (BON) is a regulatory agency that functions to protect the public as well as govern the safe practice of nurses. Every state has a board of nursing that mandates the nurse practice act be properly carried out. Nurse practice acts define the scope of nursing, how to obtain licensure, how to lose licensure, and the consequences of practicing without a license. The makeup of the nursing board and its responsibilities come from the nurse practice acts also. The BON is responsible for reviewing the nurse practice act to ensure that minimum standards of practice are defined. The BON also approves nursing education programs, evaluates applicants, issues licensure, and disciplines those who violate the law (Pearson Education, 2010). To obtain a nursing license in South Carolina I am required by the BON to have demonstrated competency in performing regulated activities that are complex, require skill, and independent decision -making. This is determined by showing verification of graduating from an approved Registered Nurse education program, passing the national licensing test, and passing a criminal background check. In order  to renew my license biennially I must go through the BON and show verification of competency and the number of hours practiced as evidenced by my employer certification on a form approved by the Board. If I fail to comply the renewal requirements the BON may deny my application for renewal. Also, abiding by the nurse practice act and refraining from unethical decisions such as; using drug and alcohol at work, diverting narcotics, and abusing patients I am able to remain in good standing with the BON and abstain from any disciplinary action from the BON. The American Nurses Association (ANA) is a Professional Nursing Organization that provides nurses a variety of resources to support their careers. The ANA offers leadership positions within the organizations and workshops for continuing education as well as employment resources. Conferences are held within the organization to network and congregate about healthcare reform. Although the ANA does not offer any legal authority to grant licensure or enforce practice policy, it carries the voice of the nurse and the public to the regulatory agency to evoke change (ANA, 2013). I currently am not a member of the ANA, but I plan to join. Being as though I am a nurse that works in the emergency department I feel the need to voice concerns I have in dealing with patient care and staffing issues. I also would like to have a voice in addressing safe nurse to patient ratios in the emergency department. The ANA can help with these issues I face by helping to promote the interests of nurses to state and federal legislative bodies like the BON. I feel this organization can help me obtain the education I need in directing me to online courses offering continuing education credits and assist me in special credentialing such as obtaining a Certified Emergency Nurse certificate. PART B Nursing ethics are a set of standards concerning the actions of the nurse in his or her relationship with patients, patients’ family members, other healthcare providers, policymakers, and society as a whole (Cherry Jacob, 2011). One provision from the code of ethics that influences my practice is â€Å"The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education, administration, and knowledge development (ANA, 2013). Although patient care is of the utmost importance nursing can’t be practiced without the appropriate knowledge required.  Evidence-based practiced research is such an important component to nursing. Without the continuous studies of such research progress would not be made in healthcare advancements. As a nurse that has worked in the emergency department I have engaged in educational opportunities offered by the emergency department has helped with quality improvement initiatives and increased patient satisfaction scores. A second provision that has influenced my practice in nursing is listed as â€Å"The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, or community (ANA, 2013). â€Å" Many times in the emergency department families and friends are surrounding their loved one. It is the nurse’s primary duty to advocate for the patient. Many times families have other ideas of healthcare that the patient is not interested in. This is where communication and education is imperative between all involved. Also, if the patient refuses any type of care education is the best answer and then acceptance if the refusal is ongoing. Honoring the patient’s wishes as long as patient safety is not an issue must be upheld in the nursing pr ofession. PART C The ANA Code of Ethics consists of several traits that should be the underlying basis from all professional nursing practices. As a nurse one must interact with a multidisciplinary team to reach optimal results for a patient’s outcome. One of the trait’s that is important is mutual respect. In an Emergency Department I work with several entities all of which have the patient’s best interest at heart. Collaborating, listening, supporting, and implementing goals are all part of having mutual respect for the team members as well as the patient and patient’s family. Another trait that is important is confidentiality. Privacy is an essential code of ethics. Discussing pertinent issues about a patient is restricted to those directly involved in patient care. Many times individuals try to call the emergency department and get updates on patients. I follow the laws in my setting regarding this issue. A third trait would be having respect for human dignity. This is important in the emergency department when patients are too sick to move. Many times patients soil themselves and feel embarrassed. We as nurses must acknowledged their feelings in a therapeutic way. We must maintain professional and never judge the patient in these instances.  A fourth trait I possess would be accountability. I take full responsibility to abide by the nurse practice act in my state. I follow the requirement for licensure renewal and take continuing education classes pertinent to my work area. I also am accountable for the nursing care of patients and to practice using the standards of care in my hospital. If I make a mistake I am held accountable for my actions and report any incidents to the appropriate personnel. PART D Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring plays a significant part in promotion of a patient’s health. This theory suggests that there are carative factors that are the core to nursing. It is a holistic outlook that addresses the impact and importance of altruism, sensitivity, trust, and interpersonal skills (Cherry Jacob, 2011). Caring is a key element of the patient’s outcome. Possessing a caring heart sets the bar high in healthcare. â€Å"The transpersonal process of caring, or caring among, nurse, environment, and client, is essential to healing† and the nurse is the tool that â€Å"implements these carative factors, that facilitates, and promotes† the restoration of the patient health (Cherry Jacob, 2011).† PART D1 Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring fits in my professional practice daily. This model helps to establish a trusting rapport between you and the patient. When dealing with patients on an everyday basis the nurse is the one who interacts with the patient the most and sets the tone for the relationship. Compassion and human touch are necessary for positive patient outcomes. Following this module reminds me and helps me to improve my delivery of care by allowing patients to communicate feelings while I actively listen to their needs. When I enter a patient’s room I survey the scene or take a holistic approach. I want to let this patient know I care about all of their needs and not just the medical concerns. The theory states â€Å"interconnectedness of one human touching or caring for another is a carative factor which promotes restoration of health and equilibrium† (Cherry Jacob, 2011). After I introduce myself to the patient I immediately ask them how they are feeling or if there is anything that they are concerned about. I feel this gives the patient the opportunity to discuss concerns and allows time for therapeutic communication establishing  a trusting nurse to patient environment. Watson’s carative factors help with caring or maintaining health even when a patient is terminal. I instill this theory through offering chaplin services to patients or assistance finding mental support for those that are terminal. I come in contact with many different cultures in the emergency department and it is important to recognize the need for teaching and making it conducive for the patients to learn about their medication or disease process. Using a language lines shows the patient that you care about their health and education. PART E Florence Nightingale was inspirational and changed the face of nursing across the world from a career many looked down upon to a highly skilled and respected medical profession by implementing standards in healthcare and training others for the occupation. After witnessing the unsanitary conditions during the Crimean War she obtained hundreds of scrub brushes and asked nurses and the least sick patients to scrub the inside of the hospital from floor the ceiling (The Biography Company, 2014). Her compassionate, dedicated, and skilled work helped her to reduce the hospitals death rate by two-thirds from implementing â€Å"The Environmental Theory† into her practice (The Biography Company, 2014). Florence was a nurse that was able to look outside the box and critical think to find solutions to better healthcare. After learning of her great achievements the one I use most in my healthcare setting is following sanitary measures. The spread of bacteria is very prevalent among the emergency department and by adhering to hand hygiene principles and other core measures to keep from the spread of disease I feel her testimony sets the stage for mostly all healthcare employees. Also, through her courage and compassion for humanity she helped to mold my nursing practice into one of diligence. PART F Respect for autonomy comes to mind when I think of a case scenario. Upon triaging a patient with their significant other in the room I came across the medical history section. This may cause concern for some patients being as though we must obtain a full medical history. I explained to the patient that I have personal questions to ask her and needed to know if she would like to be alone during this process. The patient stated she  would like her significant other to leave the room. When interviewing the patient they informed me that they did not want their history disclosed to the significant other or any of the results of testing that day. I appreciated this request and then informed the significant other that they must remain in the waiting room until testing was finished and that it would be up to the patient to notify them of updates. Beneficence is the principle of providing good to someone whereas non-maleficence addresses the risk of a procedure to cause harm to a patient (Cherry Jacob, 2011). An example of beneficence I encountered was when an elderly patient was scheduled to have a cardiac catheterization performed. While performing the pre-op measures for this patient it was observed that this patient had an area of breakdown on his skin and an elevated temperature. I immediately called the cardiologist and informed him of the findings. He came to talk to the patient and decided to reschedule the procedure for another day when he was afebrile. Without reporting the finding to the doctor the patient could have introduced infection into the bloodstream and could have became septic with critical results. REFERENCES ANA Nursing World. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org Cherry, B., Jacob, S. (2011). Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends and Management, (5th edition). St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier. Florence Nightingale. (2014). The Biography.com website. Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/florence-nightingale-9423539 Pearson Education. (2010). Retrieved May 8, 2015 from http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_sullivan_effective_6/21/5493/1406300.cw/content/index.html

Compositional Analysis of Images

Compositional Analysis of Images DRAWING ON KRESS AND VAN LEEUWENS CONCEPTS OF THE GIVEN AND THE NEW IN READING IMAGES: THE GRAMMAR OF VISUAL DESIGN (1996), PERFORM A COMPO ­SITIONAL ANALYSIS OF ANY TWO OF THE GIVEN IMAGES. An Image is a tangible or visual representation of a person, a place or a thing. All images carry a meaning which can be understood differently by different people in different situations. Composition is the way in which something is put together or arranged or the combination of parts or elements that make up something. Malcolm Barnard in Approaches to Understanding Visual Culture (2001) suggests that we concentrate on the looking and analysis of images by focusing on elements of visual culture that are said to be intrinsic or internal to the work; elements such as shape, line, colour, texture, and layout or composition. (Barnard, 2001, p.168). An image can be analysed through its composition and drawing on Kress and Van Leeuwens concepts of the Given and the New a compositional analysis of two images will be performed in this essay. Kress and Leeuwen argue that the left of an image is assumed to be The Given and the right to be The New meaning that the left is something which is already known and the right is the key information which is not yet known or agreed upon and thus creating the salience. Speaking of salience, before we analyse the images it is important to know the three principles of composition. INFORMATION VALUE: The value of an element depends on its placement as different zones of an image have different values attached to it. SALIENCE: The most eye catching element of the image can be realized by factors as placement, size, contrast, colour, sharpness, etc. FRAMING: The dividing lines created by elements or actual frame lines disconnect or connect elements of the image representing if they belong or not to one another. (Kress and Leeuwen, 1996, p.177). They argue that this theory can also be applied to magazines, newspapers, advertisements and diagrams. Magazines and newspapers tend to have pictures and articles on a left/right axis. The structure of sentences also work with the theory. Other theorists like Ron Needham and Freud had diverse views of the Left and Right of an image with left being bad and right being good and left being sinful and right being righteous respectively. When analysing the below image of   The Creation of Eve by Lorenzo Maitani we see that God is placed on the left who was there already and is thus considered as Given while the woman Eve the new creation is on the right regarded as the New. The placement of Eve in the image is not exactly in the right one can argue as majority of her body is placed in the centre of the image. Michelangelo, on the other hand, in his famous painting The Creation of Adam on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, placed God on the right. (Kress and Leeuwen, 1996, p.181). The theory did not hold much weight as now it was man who was the Given and God as the New. Furthermore, considering the diverse views God being on the left makes him bad and sinful with man being good and righteous The above image by Lester Beall Rural Electric Programme 1937 can also be analysed as the Given and the New by understanding that the house on the left is Given and the bulb on the right is New. The image is targeted at the rural or countryside location where light was not common at that period of time making the bulb which has the words LIGHT printed on it something new which has never been there before, thus implying that the house can now have light, if you see the sentence structure (the house can now have light) Kress and Leeuwens theory seem to be working. But if one reversed the sides then the bulb will be the Given which is available to the house making the house New. The house will be regarded as new because it has got the light in it. The theory of Kress and Leeuwen did not live up to the expectations once more. Every person looking at an image would have a different interpretation of the image depending on the time, culture, situation and environment, the concept cannot be taken as wrong or right as every viewer has his own ability of thinking and can portray any meaning of a given image according to his choice. Analysing images through a theory means analysing images through the same lens which will certainly take away the true meaning of the image. Kress and Leeuwen admitted that their theory does not work for every image which has been proved by analysing the above two images. Before concluding this essay your attention would be needed on the point that when making am image the maker has a message that he wants the people to know or draw attention to and if the viewer interprets it differently the viewer would not know if has got the right message which was intended unless and until he asks the maker or studies what the exact message was. Theories cannot be depended upon while interpreti ng images as every viewer has his own way of encoding messages, I would like to close with a quote (Stuart Hall, 1997, p.9): It is worth emphasising that there is no single or correct  answer to the question, What does this image mean? or  What is this ad saying? Since there is no law which can  guarantee that things will have one, true meaning, or that  meanings wont change over time, work in this area is bound  to be interpretative a debate between, not who is right  and who is wrong, but between equally plausible, though  sometimes competing and contesting, meanings and  interpretations.!   Bibliography Kress, G Leeuwen, V (1996) Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design, Routledge. Barnard, M (2001) Approaches to Understanding Visual Culture, Palgrave Macmillan. Hall, S (1997) Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, SAGE.

Hand-grip :: essays research papers

Hand- Grip Dynamometer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hand-Grip dynamometer are used to measure the strength and endurance of the muscles in your forearm, and to a lesser extent your hand. Using a handgrip dynamometer will increase your performance at work, improve posture, decrease chances for injury, and prevent low back pain. Endurance is the ability of a muscle to work for long periods of time without extreme fatigue. It prevents unwanted fatigue from daily activities, sport and recreation. For the elderly person, good hand grip strength may prevent a fall down stairs or in bathtubs and may help people from dropping jars. It could help the elderly with opening jars as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Three area’s of rationale are used to measure strength-anatomical, physiological, and biochemical. These are all interrelated. The first area Anatomical Rationale-Hand grip strength is mainly a function of the muscles in the forearm, and hand. Eight muscles serve as the prime movers and stabilizers in hand grip strength. Eleven other muscles assist in contraction of the hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second is physiological Rationale which has six categories. Six of the most common measurement terms in physiology are mass, force, work, velocity, power and energy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third area is biochemical rationale exercise may be divided into three categories based upon the predominant metabolic pathway. The primary biochemical reaction for strength, or any muscle contraction is ATP ( Adenosine Triphosophate).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The muscular strength is highly affected by the nervous system. Emotional and mental factors play important part in strength testing. If a subject is consistent with motivation strength variability should be minimized. In women a daily variation in strength range is between 2 and 12% and 5 to 9% in men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Instruments used to measure muscle strength are cable tensiometer, dymameter, free weights, barbells, isokinetics devices and load cells or elechromechanical devices. Strength is usually measured in units of force or torque. Kilogram (kg), and pounds (lb), is the force unit. The torque unit may be expressed as a foot-pounds (fl-lb) or Newton meters (nm).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The procedures for handgrip strength testing are: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The subject should be in the standing position. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The subject’s head should be in the midposition (facing straight ahead). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The grip size should be adjusted so that the middle finger’s midportion is approximatrely at a right angle. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The subject’s forearm may be placed at any angle between 90 degrees and 180 degrees of the upper arm; the upper arm is in a vertical position. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The subject’s wrist and forearm should be at the midprone position.

Comparing the Role of the Narrator in Melville’s Benito Cereno, Henry James’ Daisy Miller and Hwang :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing the Role of the Narrator in Melville’s Benito Cereno, Henry James’ Daisy Miller and Hwang’s M. Butterfly Written stories differ in numerous ways, but most of them have one thing in common; they all have a narrator that, on either rare occasions or more regularly, help to tell the story. Sometimes, the narrator is a vital part of the story since without him or her, it would not be possible to tell the story in the same way, and sometimes, the narrator has a very small role in the story. However, he or she is always there, and to compare how different authors use, and do not use, this outside perspective writing tool, a comparison between Herman Melville’s Benito Cereno, Henry James’ Daisy Miller, and David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly will be done. One of the basic functions of the narrator is to describe the actions that occur from an outside perspective. Since almost no characters will describe the basic actions, i.e. how people are moving, in the plot, it is necessary to use the narrator as help in this issue. All three works that are compared in this essay, Daisy Miller, Benito Cereno and M. Butterfly, use this technique quite often and in very similar ways. First of all, we have James who never writes any words without explicit meaning to the story. As a result, the narrator’s descriptions of simple actions are often short and concise; â€Å"Daisy looked at him for a moment† (James 108). However, since M. Butterfly is originally written to be performed and not read, Hwang uses the narrator to describe the stage for the reader. Therefore, most of the narrator’s comments are related to how the characters move on stage, and how the stage itself looks like; â€Å"They start to walk about the stage. It is a summer night on the Beijing streets. Sounds of the city play on the house speakers† (Hwang 21). Melville, on the other hand, uses the narrator for more detailed purposes. He often adds specific details to the descriptions; small hints of what is still to come in the storyline. A good example of this is when he describes how the two captains in the story are standing on the deck: â€Å"While most part of the story was being given, the two captains stood on the after part of the main deck, a privileged spot, no one being near but the servant† (Melville 45).

Organizing and Controlling are Related Essay

Functions of management consist of organizing, planning, controlling, staffing, delegation and leading. (Koontz & Weihrich, 2000). These functions work together simultaneously as one can assist in the functioning of the other hence all managerial functions are important for the function. By this the opinion is that the function of organizing and controlling are related. These functions are implemented in the same direction. In order to show the relation between organizing and controlling, it is important to look into the functions of both of them. Organizing function comes into play when people work together in groups to achieve goals. They must have roles that they play. These roles are developed by people, are defined and structured by the organization to make sure what is contributed is a group effort. What workers do has a definite purpose and they know how their job objective fits into group effort hence the organization gives their authority, tools, information to accomplish the task. Organizing is that part of managing that involves establishing a structure of roles for people to fill in an organization. The purpose of an organization structure is to help in creating an environment for human performance. (Gareth, 2003). A structure will define the tasks to be done, the role established looking at abilities and motivation of the people available. The organization structure make it easy for managers to organize workers’ activities hence it will be easy to control them as each one know the role they should play, which makes supervision of work less, which saves time as well as resources of the organization. By organizing, the organizations must identity and clarify required activities, group activities necessary to attain objective, assign each group to a manager with authority necessary to supervise it and provision for coordination on the same level and among departments in the organization structure, which make controlling of activities manageable. Organization structure should clearly state who is to do what tasks and who is responsible for what results to eliminate difficulties while exercising control function because difficulties can be caused by confusions and uncertainty of assignment. The structure must reflect objectives and plans because activities come from them. It must also reflect the authority available to an enterprise management. It must be designed to work to permit contributions by members of a group and to assist people gain objectives effectively in the future, which is changing. An organization is staffed with people, the groupings of activities and the authority relationships of an organization structure must take into account people’s limitations and customs to be able to control their roles so as to know if the organization goals are being achieved. The organization process consists of establishing enterprise objectives, formulating supporting objectives, policies and plans, which are of planning. Also identifying and classifying the activities necessary to accomplish these, grouping activities in the light of the human and material resources available and the best way, under the circumstances, of using them, delegating to the head of each group the authority necessary to perform the activities and tying the groups together horizontally and vertically through authority relationships and information flows. Koontz & Weihrich, 2000). The span of management is influenced in two ways, narrow span where a great deal of time is spent with subordinates, which is related to little training, inadequate authority delegation, unclear plan of non-repetitive operations, fast changes in external and internal environment, complex task, use of poor communication techniques, ineffective meeting. (Black & Porter, 2000). The wide span is where little time is spent with subordinates and is related to thorough subordinate training, clear delegation to undertake well-defined tasks, well defined plans for repetitive operations and slow changes in external and internal environment, simple task and effective meetings. If the organization wants to use the controlling function effectively, it can use the wide span management. Delegation of authority, if it is poor, it will affect the span of management due to unclear authority hence organizing can be difficult, which can make the controlling function difficult as they function simultaneously. If a manager delegates authority clearly for a task to be undertaken, a well trained subordinate can get it done with the manager little supervision, but if the task is not clearly defined, then the subordinate does not have the authority to undertake it, which can lead to the staff not doing it and hence the manager spending a lot of time supervising it. Staffing is done by identifying workforce requirements, getting the required people who are available and recruiting them, selecting, placing, appraising, compensation, planning the careers and training. (Preble, 1992). If staffing is done effectively, the candidates will be developed as the current jobholders to be able to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently. If the candidates are given the right roles hence it will be through controlling that managers compare actual performance against goals, identify any significant deviations and take necessary corrective action. Leading assists in influencing people so that they contribute to organization and group goals. Managers can say that their problems arise from people, their desire, attitude, and behavior. (Robbins & Coulter, 2002). Since leadership implies followers hip and people tend to follow those who offer a mean of satisfying their own needs, wishes and desires. Leading involves motivation, leadership styles and communication. With no effective leading in an organization it can be very difficult to organize the employees and this will affect the controlling function as reports, statement produced to access control might have mistakes. Planning involves selecting mission and objectives and the actions to achieve them. It requires decision-making that is, choosing future causes of action from among alternatives. Jones & George, 2003). Plans range from plans of overall purposes and objectives to the most detailed action to be taken. Before a decision is made, only what exists is a plan study or a proposal not a real plan. Controlling activity relate to the measurement of achievement. Some mean of controlling like the budget, inspection records, each measure and show whether plans are working out making organizing easy. Compelling events to confirm to plans means locating the persons who are responsible for results to differ from planned action and taking necessary step to improve performance. These results are controlled by what people do. Control is where performance is measured and corrective action is taken to ensure the accomplishment of organization goals. Control also coordinates various activities, decision-making related to planning and organizing activities and information from directing and evaluating each worker’s performance. Control is concerned with records, reports, organizational progress toward aims as well as effective use of resources. Control uses evaluation and regulation. These reports are what assist in assigning roles to employees. Control uses evaluation and regulation. It can be separated into mechanical and sociological elements. There are three stages of control. The mechanical elements are predetermined definition of standards for a level of performance; measurement of current performance against the standards and corrective action when indicated is the sociological element. If an organization uses the three stages of control, it will have a flexible organization structure. The best approach of control will contain time, a high degree of mutual support, open and authentic communication, clear understanding of objective, utilization of resources and a supportive environment. These approaches will lead to conflict resolution, charged beliefs and attitudes, genuine innovation, commitment, strong management and prevention of consequence of control, which were unintended. A good control system has the following characteristics; it must reflect the nature of the activity, should report errors promptly, should be forward looking, it should point out exceptions at critical points, should be objective, flexible, reflect the organization pattern, economical, understanding and should indicate corrective action. With these conditions adhered to, it will be fast to organize people in the organization so as to meet the organization goals. Controlling mechanisms include procedures, evaluating devices, reports, inspection, audits, which all require planning and organizing hence the function must be performed simultaneously. For controlling to occur, there must be directing. All functions of management go together as if one of the functions lacks or does not follow the proper channel then the organization goals can fail to be achieved. Control can be used as a management tool to measure the degree to which predetermined goals are achieved and of applying necessary corrective actions to improve performance, policies, and procedure as standards. Among the controls are rules that are needed to let employees know what is expected of them and how functions are coordinated. Self-control includes being up to date in knowledge, giving clear orders, being flexible, helping others improve increasing problem solving skill, being able to handle pressure and planning ahead. Delegation is often viewed as a major means of influence and therefore, it can be grouped as an activity in leading rather than controlling. Delegation include assigning responsibility to an employee to complete a task granting the employee sufficient authority to gain the resource to do the task and letting the employee decide how that task will be carried out. This will make the organization decide which goals to pursue and course of action to adopt so as to attain the organization goals and how to allocate organization resources to attain those goals. Once the organization has established goals and associated strategies, funds are set aside for the resources and labor to the accomplishment of goals and tasks. As the money is spent, how it was spent and what it obtained. Review of financial statements is one of the more common methods to monitor the progress of programs and plans. In the organizing process, the key issue in accomplishing the goals identified in the planning process is structuring the work of the organization. The purpose of the organizing function is to make the best use of the organization’s resources to achieve organizational goals. Organizational structure is the formal decision-making framework by which job tasks are grouped and coordinated. The organizing function deals with all those activities that result in the formal assignment of tasks and authority and a coordination of effort. The supervisor staffs the work units, trains employees, secures resources and empowers the work group into a productive team. The first step in the organizing process is departmentalization. Once jobs have been classified through work specialization, they are grouped into manageable units and can be controlled. An organization chart displays the organization structure and shows job titles, lines of authority and relationships between departments. The nature and scope of the work needed to accomplish the organization goals needed to determine work classification and work unit design, so as to have control. Work process requirements and employee skill level determine the degree of specialization. Placing capable people in each job ties directly with productivity improvement. In order to maximize productivity, the organization must have the required resources and be able to control its expenditure by auditing its reports. Supervisors must match employee skill levels with task requirement to achieve organization goals. Teamwork is achievable if people can work together cooperatively and effective if they know the part they are to play in the team activity and the way their roles relate to each other hence making the control function attainable. By designing and maintaining these systems of roles is organizing. Koontz, 1958). The effort spent on improving predictions and forecasts are spent on increasing control, learning not only will the need for predicting and forecast be reduced, but managers’ ability to get what they want to increase. By organizing managers can design and create an organization structure, which is flexible to enable the function of control to be handled properly. Control aspects are emphasized on the basis of observation of the control process in terms of feedback or adaptive control. (Hitt & Mathis, 1986). Feedback is always introduced as one of the controlling functions, hence managers encourage that the feedback system be used a lot in the organization so as to know which organization goals have been achieved. Feedback is a type of control that takes place after a work activity is done. Managers can implement controls before an activity begins and after the activity has been completed. In order to measure whether plans of the organizations are being followed it is necessary for managers to compare planned performance with actual performance. (Ishikawa & Smith, 1972). Feedback can be used to give information in this area, as it is the forward and backward flow of information hence the supervisor will be able to know how the performance of a certain employee is. This will enable the supervisor check on the targets he sets for the employees if they have all been achieved or if they have been partly achieved and see the gap created. (Dixon, 2003). The actual performance and the planned performance show the gap. This will make it easy for the organization to determine which employees require training so as to get more skills and by this the organization will eliminate the gap. Plans cannot be effective unless managers monitor how well planned actions are matching actual achievements as implementation processes. Therefore, plans should not be just laid aside while being on the process or even after being decided on. Managers are responsible not only for making plans for the organizational goal but also for watching the plans to the end. Hence, to make sure that plans are organized the control function has to be effective to make sure that organization goals are achieved. If managers do not control, they would have no way of knowing whether their goals and plans were on target and what future actions to take. The plan can be meaningless if it did not help to accomplish the organizational goals. This can be avoided by controlling because the manager organizes and compares the actual performance against the goals, identify any significant deviations and take any necessary corrective action. Controlling provides the answers to whether or not the current performance of the organization should be continued or what corrections might be needed to make the performance satisfactory. Controlling cannot be implemented unless there is some resource hence the organization should have a structure, which takes this into consideration. There must be some organization and control on how resources will be allocated. Without an organization goal, no management functions can be put into practice. If the manager does not know which direction the company is going, they cannot choose what course of action to take hence controlling will be difficult. It seems that controlling is regarded as looking back considering the main role of controlling, which are feedback and monitoring. Managers can put controls when an activity begins. If the actual performance of employees in an organization is not as expected then plans and goals have to be set so that they are put in the right way. For control to work if the plans put in place by the organization are going in the wrong directions the manager needs to indicate the problem and also suggest how to solve it. The manager should also explain how the plan should be proceeded and guide toward the right direction. This will make it easy for the person organizing activities of the workers as workers will be given the roles they are able to achieve hence making organization goals attainable. The main role of planning is choosing appropriate goals and courses of action and controlling is monitoring systems to evaluate how well the organization has achieved its goal. Planning process steps include deciding which goals the organization will pursue, deciding what courses of actions to adopt to attain these goals and deciding how to allocate organization resources to attain these goals. Considering that organizing process looks at accomplishing goals identified in the planning process it will be good for an organization to evaluate the performance of employees so as to check if the goals are being attainable and if they do not look attainable performance assessment should be carried out as well as regulation of other activities, which can be time consumed due to lack of skills by the employees should be eliminated. In conclusion if managers are keen on the organization structure that the organization adopts be it flat, tall, product, geographical to make sure that the one implemented caters for the organization goals as well as objectives. The control function can be used to generate reports and audits will be done effectively in less time. This shows that control and organizing function has to work parallel for the effective achievement of organization goals.